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Audio file types: what are they, and what is the departure?

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If you're looking to apply, copy, or edit audio files you should be aware of the various types, and the differences between them. While almost of the best audio editing software (opens in new tab) packages will allow you to work with nearly common file types, it'due south of import to be aware of which ones perform best under specific circumstances. Some are superior for listening and copying, whereas others play nicely with video and are easier to piece of work with in terms of mixing and editing.

If your chosen audio file blazon is in the incorrect format for your needs, you can always go concur of 1 of the best audio converter software (opens in new tab) programs and arrange it. Some are costless, and most are easy to use, and so it doesn't take much to get your sound files exactly as you need them. Below are the most mutual audio file types, what each ane means, and what the main differences are betwixt them. If yous're in any doubt about what type of file yous're working with, the extension volition tell yous, and we've included all common extension names with each entry.

The all-time home computers (opens in new tab) will happily recognize all the following file types, and most will play on all modern smartphones and tablets.

Waveform Sound (.wav)

Waveform Audio (.wav) is a common file format. Created by Microsoft and IBM, WAV was i of the first audio file types adult for the PC. WAV files are defined as lossless, meaning that files are large and complete; nothing has been lost. Professionally recorded CDs are besides a lossless sound source. In contrast, the three audio formats listed below are lossy-redundant and non-auditory data is removed to let for more compact storage; in essence, some data has been lost. This process of removing data to shrink the file size is called pinch. The three file formats below must begin with a lossless format (such as a computer WAV file) then compress it. Well-nigh lossy formats boast picayune or no detectable modify in sound quality. Just considering each compressing format selects the deleteable data differently, converting one compressed file into another lossy format will sometimes issue in lower quality audio. Again, e'er showtime with a WAV file, then compress.

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MPEG-1 or ii Sound Layer iii (.mp3)

MPEG-1 or 2 Audio Layer three (.mp3) is a common, compressed WAV file. MPEG-1 files are about i-twelfth the size of WAV files. This is why MP3 players can conform hundreds of songs on a tiny chunk of storage space.

Windows Media Audio (.wma) was developed to compete with the MP3 format for Windows Media Actor. Microsoft claims that the WMA files are compressed three times more than than MP3s yet retain their original audio quality.

Advanced Audio Coding (.aac)

This is the audio file format used by Apple for iTunes and Music, and it's designed to exist superior to regular mp3s. AAC compresses amend than mp3, losing less sound quality than its older cousin. The primary drawback is that AAC files accept a little longer to encode than mp3, and so batch audio conversion takes a longer.

Ogg Vorbis (.ogg)

Ogg Vorbis (.ogg) is another compressed source lawmaking like to MP3, but like WMA, more compressed. Ogg Vorbis is also open source (free to all, unlicensed, no strings fastened). While MP3 compresses data at a constant scrap rate, Ogg uses a variable flake rate. To illustrate-if you lot are copying chunks of silence into MP3 format, the pinch bit rate stays the same equally if you were compressing the sound of an unabridged orchestra. Only if you lot are copying chunks of silence into Ogg, your compression charge per unit will driblet to nothing. The rate varies with the demand.

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Other audio file types

• Instrument Digital Interface (.midi) Musical Instrument Digital Interface (.midi) is usually used for computer keyboards and other computer-based musical tools. MIDI files incorporate musical notes, rhythm notation and other information oftentimes needed by a composer.
• Audio Interchange File (.aif, .aifc or .aiff.) Audio Interchange File (.aif, .aifc or .aiff.) was adult for the Mac reckoner to store audio files.
• Sun Audio (.au) Sun Audio (.au) or Audio/Basic was developed past Lord's day Microsystems for use on UNIX systems.
• Emblaze Audio (.ea) Emblaze Audio (.ea) was created by Geo and offers compression similar to MP3 formats, merely its purpose is to exist played with a Java applet-a miniature Internet program. Online greeting cards oft utilise JAVA applet programs for motility and .ea sound files to play music.

• For more audio content, check our guide to the best audiobook services (opens in new tab)
• For more editing content, here's our guide to the all-time video editing software (opens in new tab)

Ian has been a journalist for 20 years. He's written for magazines and websites on subjects such as video games, technology, PC hardware, pop (and unpopular) science, gardening and astronomy. In his spare fourth dimension he has a pet tortoise and grows his own vegetables. He also has a passion for cameras and photography, and has written for TTR on these subjects.

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